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Assessment of Nutritional Status in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Before Radiotherapy: A Single-center, Cross-sectional Study [Medeniyet Med J]
Medeniyet Med J. 2024; 39(1): 24-32 | DOI: 10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2024.02448  

Assessment of Nutritional Status in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Before Radiotherapy: A Single-center, Cross-sectional Study

Susetyowati SUSETYOWATI1, Fuadiyah Nila KURNIASARI2, Amalia Sarah SHOLIKHATI1, Mardiah HARDIANTI3, Ericko EKAPUTRA4
1Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Department of Nutrition and Health, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Department of Medical and Health Science, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
3Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing; Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
4Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Department of Radiology, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Objective: It is important to assess nutritional status to determine the presence of malnutrition because poor nutritional status will reduce the efficacy and increase the side effects of radiotherapy. The aim of this research was to assess nutritional status by comparing several parameters, namely anthropometry, biochemistry, physical condition, and inflammatory parameters, with Patient Generated-Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) as the gold standard.
Methods: A cross-sectional study with 78 subjects was conducted at the General Hospital Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in 2022. The Malnutrition Screening Tool, Simple Nutrition Screening Tool, PG-SGA, and objective parameter data were used in the nutritional assessment. The objective parameters were determined by analyzing anthropometric data [body weight, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and body fat], biochemical data (albumin and a complete blood profile), physical data (hand grip strength), and food intake data using the 1×24-hour recall method. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test.
Results: Malnutrition was found in 33.3% of pre-radiotherapy head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Patients with good nutritional status did not experience weight loss, decreased appetite, gastrointestinal symptoms, decreased functional capacity, or fat and/or muscle deficit (p<0.05). The findings showed a significant relationship between PG-SGA and nutritional status based on body weight, weight loss, MUACs, handgrip strength, visceral fat, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and hemoglobin (p<0.05). A better nutritional status was associated with higher parameter values.
Conclusions: The method for nutritional status assessment in HNC patients undergoing radiotherapy can be performed by measuring body weight, weight loss, upper arm circumference, visceral fat, hemoglobin, and RMR in addition to PG-SGA as the gold standard.

Keywords: Head and neck cancer, nutritional status, malnutrition, PG-SGA, nutritional screening, nutritional assessment


Radyoterapi Öncesi Baş ve Boyun Kanseri Hastalarında Beslenme Durumunun Değerlendirilmesi: Tek Merkezli, Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Susetyowati SUSETYOWATI1, Fuadiyah Nila KURNIASARI2, Amalia Sarah SHOLIKHATI1, Mardiah HARDIANTI3, Ericko EKAPUTRA4
1Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Department of Nutrition and Health, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Department of Medical and Health Science, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
3Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing; Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
4Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Department of Radiology, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Amaç: Kötü beslenme durumu radyoterapinin etkinliğini azaltacağından ve yan etkilerini artıracağından, malnütrisyon varlığını belirlemek için beslenme durumunu değerlendirmek önemlidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, antropometri, biyokimya, fiziksel durum ve ayrıca enflamatuvar parametreler gibi çeşitli parametreleri altın standart olarak Hasta Tarafından Oluşturulan-Sübjektif Global Değerlendirme (PG-SGA) ile karşılaştırarak beslenme durumunu değerlendirmektir.
Yöntemler: Dr. Sardjito Genel Hastanesi Yogyakarta, Endonezya’da 2022 yılında 78 denekle kesitsel bir çalışma yürütüldü. Beslenme değerlendirmesinde Malnütrisyon Tarama Aracı, Basit Beslenme Tarama Aracı, PG-SGA ve objektif parametre verileri kullanıldı. Objektif parametreler antropometrik veriler [vücut ağırlığı, orta-üst kol çevresi (MUAC) ve vücut yağı], biyokimyasal veriler (albümin ve tam kan profili), fiziksel veriler (el kavrama gücü) ve 1×24 saatlik hatırlama yöntemi kullanılarak gıda alım verileri analiz edilerek belirlendi. Veriler Tek-Yönlü ANOVA ve Kruskal-Wallis testi kullanılarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Radyoterapi öncesi baş ve boyun kanseri (BBK) hastalarının %33,3’ünde malnütrisyon saptandı. Beslenme durumu iyi olan hastalarda kilo kaybı, iştah azalması, gastrointestinal semptomlar, fonksiyonel kapasitede azalma ve yağ ve/veya kas eksikliği görülmedi (p<0,05). Bulgular, vücut ağırlığı, kilo kaybı, MUAC, el kavrama gücü, visseral yağ, istirahat metabolizma hızı (İMH) ve hemoglobin bazında PG-SGA ile beslenme durumu arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu gösterdi (p<0,05). Daha iyi beslenme durumu daha yüksek parametre değerleri ile ilişkilendirildi.
Sonuçlar: Radyoterapi gören BBK hastalarında beslenme durumunu değerlendirme yöntemi, altın standart olarak PG-SGA’ya ek olarak vücut ağırlığı, kilo kaybı, üst kol çevresi, visseral yağ, hemoglobin ve İMH ölçülerek yapılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Baş ve boyun kanseri, beslenme durumu, malnütrisyon, PG-SGA, nütrisyonel tarama, nütrisyonel değerlendirme


Susetyowati SUSETYOWATI, Fuadiyah Nila KURNIASARI, Amalia Sarah SHOLIKHATI, Mardiah HARDIANTI, Ericko EKAPUTRA. Assessment of Nutritional Status in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Before Radiotherapy: A Single-center, Cross-sectional Study. Medeniyet Med J. 2024; 39(1): 24-32

Corresponding Author: Susetyowati SUSETYOWATI, Indonesia


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